分布式服务框架 dubbo/dubbox 入门示例(转)-白红宇

分布式服务框架 dubbo/dubbox 入门示例(转)

阅读量：6321 次

发布时间：2019-06-22

本文共 26171 字，大约阅读时间需要 87 分钟。

dubbo是一个分布式的服务架构，可直接用于生产环境作为SOA服务框架。

官网首页：，官方用户指南上面的几张图画得不错，完全可以当做SOA架构的学习资料

淘宝将这个项目开源出来以后，得到了不少同行的支持，包括：

当当网的扩展版本dubbox ：

京东的扩展版本jd-hydra:

不过，略有遗憾的是，据说在淘宝内部，dubbo由于跟淘宝另一个类似的框架HSF（非开源）有竞争关系，导致dubbo团队已经解散（参见中的评论），反到是当当网的扩展版本仍在持续发展，墙内开花墙外香。

不管如何，能在阿里、当当、京东这些大型网站正式使用的框架，总不至于差到哪里去。

本文下面的示例均基于当当的dubbox版本，由于dubbox并没向maven提交编译后的jar包，所以只能从github clone代码到本地编译得到jar包。

编译及测试步骤：(以下步骤全在windows环境中完成)

1. 本机先安装github on Windows的客户端，将在path路径中，把git.exe加进去

2. 命令行下 git clone 把代码拉到本地

3. mvn install -Dmaven.test.skip=true 跳过测试编译

4. 在本机，参考zoo.cfg如下：

tickTime=2000

initLimit=10

syncLimit=5

dataDir=D:/java/zookeeper-3.4.6/data

dataLogDir=D:/java/zookeeper-3.4.6/log

clientPort=2181

server.1=localhost:2287:3387

然后输入 bin/zkServer.cmd 启用zookeeper

5. intellij Idea中导入源码

6. 运行 \dubbox\dubbo-demo\dubbo-demo-provider\src\test\java\com\alibaba\dubbo\demo\provider\DemoProvider.java

把服务提供方跑起来，成功后，可以在ZK里，用 ls / 看下，会发现zk里多出了一个dubbo的节点，所有服务全注册在这里了

7. 运行\dubbox\dubbo-demo\dubbo-demo-consumer\src\test\java\com\alibaba\dubbo\demo\consumer\DemoConsumer.java

服务消费方调用测试，可以看console里的输出

8. 运行\dubbox\dubbo-demo\dubbo-demo-consumer\src\test\java\com\alibaba\dubbo\demo\consumer\RestClient.java

跑一下rest调用

9. 浏览器访问 http://localhost:8888/services/users/100.xml 或 http://localhost:8888/services/users/100.json

dubbox官方的示例，虽然已经很简单了，但是对于初次接触的人来讲，仍然略显复杂，下面的代码在其基础上简化了一下：

一、先定义服务接口及传输对象DTO

项目结构如下

代码：

User.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api;
import
org.codehaus.jackson.annotate.JsonProperty;
import
javax.validation.constraints.Min;
import
javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import
javax.validation.constraints.Size;
import
javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import
javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import
javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import
javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import
java.io.Serializable;
@XmlRootElement
@XmlAccessorType
(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public
class
User 
implements
Serializable { 
 
@NotNull
 
@Min
(1L)
 
private
Long id;
 
@JsonProperty
(
"username"
)
 
@XmlElement
(name = 
"username"
)
 
@NotNull
 
@Size
(min = 
6
, max = 
50
)
 
private
String name;
 
public
User() { 
 
}
 
public
User(Long id, String name) { 
 
this
.id = id;
 
this
.name = name;
 
}
 
public
Long getId() { 
 
return
id;
 
}
 
public
void
setId(Long id) { 
 
this
.id = id;
 
}
 
public
String getName() { 
 
return
name;
 
}
 
public
void
setName(String name) { 
 
this
.name = name;
 
}
 
@Override
 
public
String toString() { 
 
return
"User ("
+
 
"id="
+ id +
 
", name='"
+ name + '\
''
+
 
')'
;
 
}
}
        
      

UserService.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api;
public
interface
UserService { 
 
User getUser(Long id);
}
        
      

UserRestService.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api;
import
javax.validation.constraints.Min;
public
interface
UserRestService { 
 
User getUser(
@Min
(value = 1L, message = 
"User ID must be greater than 1"
) Long id);
}
        
      

pom.xml

1 
       2 
      
        5  6     
       
        4.0.0
        7  8     
       
        com.cnblogs.yjmyzz
        9     
       
        dubbo-hello-api
       10     
       
        0.1
       11 12     
       
        13 14         
        
         15             
         
          com.alibaba
         16             
         
          dubbo
         17             
         
          2.8.4
         18         
        19 20         
        
         21             
         
          javax.validation
         22             
         
          validation-api
         23             
         
          1.0.0.GA
         24         
        25 26         
        
         27             
         
          javax.annotation
         28             
         
          javax.annotation-api
         29             
         
          1.2
         30         
        31 32         
        
         33             
         
          org.codehaus.jackson
         34             
         
          jackson-mapper-asl
         35             
         
          1.9.12
         36         
        37 38     
       39

View Code

二、定义服务生产者（即：服务接口的实现方）

UserServiceImpl.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider;
import
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.User;
import
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService;
public
class
UserServiceImpl 
implements
UserService { 
 
public
User getUser(Long id) { 
 
return
new
User(id, 
"username"
+ id);
 
}
}
        
      

UserRestServiceImpl.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider;
import
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcContext;
import
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.protocol.rest.support.ContentType;
import
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.User;
import
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService;
import
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import
javax.ws.rs.*;
import
javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
@Path
(
"users"
)
@Consumes
({MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, MediaType.TEXT_XML})
@Produces
({ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF_8, ContentType.TEXT_XML_UTF_8})
public
class
UserRestServiceImpl 
implements
UserRestService { 
 
private
UserService userService;
 
public
void
setUserService(UserService userService) { 
 
this
.userService = userService;
 
}
 
@GET
 
@Path
(
"{id : \\d+}"
)
 
public
User getUser(
@PathParam
(
"id"
) Long id) { 
 
if
(RpcContext.getContext().getRequest(HttpServletRequest.
class
) != 
null
) { 
 
System.out.println(
"Client IP address from RpcContext: "
+ RpcContext.getContext().getRequest(HttpServletRequest.
class
).getRemoteAddr());
 
}
 
if
(RpcContext.getContext().getResponse(HttpServletResponse.
class
) != 
null
) { 
 
System.out.println(
"Response object from RpcContext: "
+ RpcContext.getContext().getResponse(HttpServletResponse.
class
));
 
}
 
return
userService.getUser(id);
 
}
}
        
      

DemoProvider.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.provider;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import
java.io.IOException;
public
class
DemoProvider { 
 
public
static
void
main(String[] args) 
throws
IOException { 
 
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = 
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.xml"
);
 
context.start();
 
System.out.println(
"服务已经启动..."
);
 
System.in.read();
 
}
}
        
      

配置文件：resources\META-INF\spring\dubbo-demo-provider.xml

View Code

pom.xml

1 
        2 
      
         5   6     
       
        4.0.0
         7   8     
       
        com.cnblogs.yjmyzz
         9     
       
        dubbo-hello-provider
        10     
       
        0.1
        11  12     
       
         13  14         
         15         
        
          16             
         
          com.cnblogs.yjmyzz
          17             
         
          dubbo-hello-api
          18             
         
          0.1
          19         
         20  21         
        
          22             
         
          com.alibaba
          23             
         
          dubbo
          24             
         
          2.8.4
          25         
         26  27         
        
          28             
         
          org.javassist
          29             
         
          javassist
          30             
         
          3.15.0-GA
          31         
         32  33         
        
          34             
         
          org.apache.mina
          35             
         
          mina-core
          36             
         
          1.1.7
          37         
         38  39         
        
          40             
         
          org.glassfish.grizzly
          41             
         
          grizzly-core
          42             
         
          2.1.4
          43         
         44  45         
        
          46             
         
          org.apache.httpcomponents
          47             
         
          httpclient
          48             
         
          4.2.1
          49         
         50  51         
        
          52             
         
          com.alibaba
          53             
         
          fastjson
          54             
         
          1.1.39
          55         
         56  57         
        
          58             
         
          com.thoughtworks.xstream
          59             
         
          xstream
          60             
         
          1.4.1
          61         
         62  63         
        
          64             
         
          org.apache.bsf
          65             
         
          bsf-api
          66             
         
          3.1
          67         
         68  69         
        
          70             
         
          org.apache.zookeeper
          71             
         
          zookeeper
          72             
         
          3.4.6
          73         
         74  75         
        
          76             
         
          com.github.sgroschupf
          77             
         
          zkclient
          78             
         
          0.1
          79         
         80  81         
        
          82             
         
          org.apache.curator
          83             
         
          curator-framework
          84             
         
          2.5.0
          85         
         86  87         
        
          88             
         
          com.googlecode.xmemcached
          89             
         
          xmemcached
          90             
         
          1.3.6
          91         
         92  93         
        
          94             
         
          org.apache.cxf
          95             
         
          cxf-rt-frontend-simple
          96             
         
          2.6.1
          97         
         98  99         
        
         100             
         
          org.apache.cxf
         101             
         
          cxf-rt-transports-http
         102             
         
          2.6.1
         103         
        104 105         
        
         106             
         
          org.apache.thrift
         107             
         
          libthrift
         108             
         
          0.8.0
         109         
        110 111         
        
         112             
         
          com.caucho
         113             
         
          hessian
         114             
         
          4.0.7
         115         
        116 117         
        
         118             
         
          javax.servlet
         119             
         
          javax.servlet-api
         120             
         
          3.1.0
         121         
        122 123         
        
         124             
         
          org.mortbay.jetty
         125             
         
          jetty
         126             
         
          6.1.26
         127             
         
          128                 
          
           129                     
           
            org.mortbay.jetty
           130                     
           
            servlet-api
           131                 
          132             
         133         
        134 135         
        
         136             
         
          log4j
         137             
         
          log4j
         138             
         
          1.2.16
         139         
        140 141         
        
         142             
         
          org.slf4j
         143             
         
          slf4j-api
         144             
         
          1.6.2
         145         
        146 147         
        
         148             
         
          redis.clients
         149             
         
          jedis
         150             
         
          2.1.0
         151         
        152 153         
        
         154             
         
          javax.validation
         155             
         
          validation-api
         156             
         
          1.0.0.GA
         157         
        158 159         
        
         160             
         
          org.hibernate
         161             
         
          hibernate-validator
         162             
         
          4.2.0.Final
         163         
        164 165         
        
         166             
         
          javax.cache
         167             
         
          cache-api
         168             
         
          0.4
         169         
        170 171         
        
         172             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         173             
         
          resteasy-jaxrs
         174             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         175         
        176 177         
        
         178             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         179             
         
          resteasy-client
         180             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         181         
        182 183         
        
         184             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         185             
         
          resteasy-netty
         186             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         187         
        188 189         
        
         190             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         191             
         
          resteasy-jdk-http
         192             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         193         
        194 195         
        
         196             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         197             
         
          resteasy-jackson-provider
         198             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         199         
        200 201         
        
         202             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         203             
         
          resteasy-jaxb-provider
         204             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         205         
        206 207         
        
         208             
         
          org.apache.tomcat.embed
         209             
         
          tomcat-embed-core
         210             
         
          8.0.11
         211         
        212 213         
        
         214             
         
          org.apache.tomcat.embed
         215             
         
          tomcat-embed-logging-juli
         216             
         
          8.0.11
         217         
        218 219         
        
         220             
         
          com.esotericsoftware.kryo
         221             
         
          kryo
         222             
         
          2.24.0
         223         
        224 225         
        
         226             
         
          de.javakaffee
         227             
         
          kryo-serializers
         228             
         
          0.26
         229         
        230 231         
        
         232             
         
          de.ruedigermoeller
         233             
         
          fst
         234             
         
          1.55
         235         
        236 237     
       238 239 240

View Code

测试时，运行DemoProvider中的main方法即可启动服务，所有服务注册在ZooKeeper，层次结构类似下面这样：

/dubbo  /dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService    /dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService/providers    /dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserRestService/configurators  /dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService    /dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService/providers    /dubbo/yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService/configurators

三、服务消费方

DemoConsumer.java

                         
package
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.consumer;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import
yjmyzz.dubbo.demo.api.UserService;
import
javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
import
javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
import
javax.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
import
javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
public
class
DemoConsumer { 
 
public
static
void
main(String[] args) { 
 
final
String port = 
"8888"
;
 
//测试Rest服务
 
getUser(
""
+ port + 
"/services/users/1.json"
);
 
getUser(
""
+ port + 
"/services/users/1.xml"
);
 
//测试常规服务
 
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = 
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.xml"
);
 
context.start();
 
UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.
class
);
 
System.out.println(userService.getUser(1L));
 
}
 
private
static
void
getUser(String url) { 
 
System.out.println(
"Getting user via "
+ url);
 
Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient();
 
WebTarget target = client.target(url);
 
Response response = target.request().get();
 
try
{ 
 
if
(response.getStatus() != 
200
) { 
 
throw
new
RuntimeException(
"Failed with HTTP error code : "
+ response.getStatus());
 
}
 
System.out.println(
"Successfully got result: "
+ response.readEntity(String.
class
));
 
} 
finally
{ 
 
response.close();
 
client.close();
 
}
 
}
}
        
      

配置文件：resources\META-INF\spring\dubbo-hello-consumer.xml

View Code

pom.xml

1 
        2 
      
         5   6     
       
        4.0.0
         7   8     
       
        com.cnblogs.yjmyzz
         9     
       
        dubbo-hello-consumer
        10     
       
        0.1
        11  12  13     
       
         14         
         15         
        
          16             
         
          com.cnblogs.yjmyzz
          17             
         
          dubbo-hello-api
          18             
         
          0.1
          19         
         20  21  22         
        
          23             
         
          com.alibaba
          24             
         
          dubbo
          25             
         
          2.8.4
          26         
         27  28         
        
          29             
         
          org.javassist
          30             
         
          javassist
          31             
         
          3.15.0-GA
          32         
         33  34         
        
          35             
         
          org.apache.mina
          36             
         
          mina-core
          37             
         
          1.1.7
          38         
         39  40         
        
          41             
         
          org.glassfish.grizzly
          42             
         
          grizzly-core
          43             
         
          2.1.4
          44         
         45  46         
        
          47             
         
          org.apache.httpcomponents
          48             
         
          httpclient
          49             
         
          4.2.1
          50         
         51  52         
        
          53             
         
          com.alibaba
          54             
         
          fastjson
          55             
         
          1.1.39
          56         
         57  58         
        
          59             
         
          com.thoughtworks.xstream
          60             
         
          xstream
          61             
         
          1.4.1
          62         
         63  64         
        
          65             
         
          org.apache.bsf
          66             
         
          bsf-api
          67             
         
          3.1
          68         
         69  70         
        
          71             
         
          org.apache.zookeeper
          72             
         
          zookeeper
          73             
         
          3.4.6
          74         
         75  76         
        
          77             
         
          com.github.sgroschupf
          78             
         
          zkclient
          79             
         
          0.1
          80         
         81  82         
        
          83             
         
          org.apache.curator
          84             
         
          curator-framework
          85             
         
          2.5.0
          86         
         87  88         
        
          89             
         
          com.googlecode.xmemcached
          90             
         
          xmemcached
          91             
         
          1.3.6
          92         
         93  94         
        
          95             
         
          org.apache.cxf
          96             
         
          cxf-rt-frontend-simple
          97             
         
          2.6.1
          98         
         99 100         
        
         101             
         
          org.apache.cxf
         102             
         
          cxf-rt-transports-http
         103             
         
          2.6.1
         104         
        105 106         
        
         107             
         
          org.apache.thrift
         108             
         
          libthrift
         109             
         
          0.8.0
         110         
        111 112         
        
         113             
         
          com.caucho
         114             
         
          hessian
         115             
         
          4.0.7
         116         
        117 118         
        
         119             
         
          javax.servlet
         120             
         
          javax.servlet-api
         121             
         
          3.1.0
         122         
        123 124         
        
         125             
         
          org.mortbay.jetty
         126             
         
          jetty
         127             
         
          6.1.26
         128             
         
          129                 
          
           130                     
           
            org.mortbay.jetty
           131                     
           
            servlet-api
           132                 
          133             
         134         
        135 136         
        
         137             
         
          log4j
         138             
         
          log4j
         139             
         
          1.2.16
         140         
        141 142         
        
         143             
         
          org.slf4j
         144             
         
          slf4j-api
         145             
         
          1.6.2
         146         
        147 148         
        
         149             
         
          redis.clients
         150             
         
          jedis
         151             
         
          2.1.0
         152         
        153 154         
        
         155             
         
          javax.validation
         156             
         
          validation-api
         157             
         
          1.0.0.GA
         158         
        159 160         
        
         161             
         
          org.hibernate
         162             
         
          hibernate-validator
         163             
         
          4.2.0.Final
         164         
        165 166         
        
         167             
         
          javax.cache
         168             
         
          cache-api
         169             
         
          0.4
         170         
        171 172         
        
         173             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         174             
         
          resteasy-jaxrs
         175             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         176         
        177 178         
        
         179             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         180             
         
          resteasy-client
         181             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         182         
        183 184         
        
         185             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         186             
         
          resteasy-netty
         187             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         188         
        189 190         
        
         191             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         192             
         
          resteasy-jdk-http
         193             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         194         
        195 196         
        
         197             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         198             
         
          resteasy-jackson-provider
         199             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         200         
        201 202         
        
         203             
         
          org.jboss.resteasy
         204             
         
          resteasy-jaxb-provider
         205             
         
          3.0.7.Final
         206         
        207 208         
        
         209             
         
          org.apache.tomcat.embed
         210             
         
          tomcat-embed-core
         211             
         
          8.0.11
         212         
        213 214         
        
         215             
         
          org.apache.tomcat.embed
         216             
         
          tomcat-embed-logging-juli
         217             
         
          8.0.11
         218         
        219 220         
        
         221             
         
          com.esotericsoftware.kryo
         222             
         
          kryo
         223             
         
          2.24.0
         224         
        225 226         
        
         227             
         
          de.javakaffee
         228             
         
          kryo-serializers
         229             
         
          0.26
         230         
        231 232         
        
         233             
         
          de.ruedigermoeller
         234             
         
          fst
         235             
         
          1.55
         236         
        237     
       238 239 240